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Panataran
The major Hindu complex of East Java
This day we based in Blitar, the chaotic city noted as the location of the grave of Sukarno, the first President of Indonesia, at the atmospheric Tugu Hotel.
Panataran, located north of Blitar on the southwest slope of Mount Kelud, is the best preserved Hindu complex of East Java. The temple complex consists of three courtyards in line similar to a Balinese temple, with the holiest structures placed in the rear courtyard, nearest to the mountain.
The walls surrounding the compound and of the courtyards are no longer extant. The entrances of each courtyard are still marked by guardian statues. The main entrance is marked by a pair of large club-wielding guardian figures.

Panataran

Panataran Java stock photographs


The temple contains statues and sculptures that are not easily recognizable or traceable to an easily recognizable iconography giving to the place a mysterious atmosphere and a touch of esoteric. Due to a controversial restructuring it is even more difficult to recognize the purpose of worship pursued here, apparently the remains found on the ground were arranged as are seen today in a totally arbitrary manner.
As far as we know the temple can be traced back to water-related pre-Hindu cults of fertility and purification and to the mythological stories of Samudramantha and Garudeya, while the iconography of some statues and bas-reliefs can be traced back to the worship of Bhima , that developed itself on the island at the time of Majapahit kingdom.
The period in which the temple (xiv C.E.) was built coincides with the time in Indonesia when the tantrik Shivaism transformed itself in the cult of Bhima. Bhima is one of the protagonists of the Hindu epic Mahabharata, known on Java since the tenth century. Statues and reliefs of Bhima start to appear mainly on mountain sanctuaries in East and Central Java. The deity is portrayed with the distinguishing iconographic feature of the exposed penis.

Panataran Java Stock pictures

Panataran


The presence of split gate with statues of gatekeeper recalls the Balinese Hindu temples. the sanctuary once counted fourteen terraces of which only ten are left. The terraces are separated by retaining walls.
On the first terrace (actually the sixth one of the original ones) there are stone statues of kneeling guardians with a prehistoric looking.
The most important is the eighth terrace. A large bat-shaped relief is dug into the ground like a pavement on which a giant tortoise is placed. A round stone with a relief of the Majapahit sun connects this relief to a large triangle, A number of creatures associated with fertility are superimposed on the triangle: three frogs, two crabs, three lizards, and an eel that is wearing the headdress of an ascetic. The apex of the triangle abuts a large lingam with three balls attached below the tip. The penis is decorated with a lizard and a fish.
The eighth terrace contains also two statues of male figures seated in a lotus position, one of them is holding his hands in a ritual gesture.

Panataran

Panataran Java stock photographs


A series of thirteen stone panels with bas-reliefs are arranged in a square platform of the ninth terrace, probably they are not installed in their original place or even are not in the proper sequence. The scenes depicted on the bas-reliefs have not yet been identified. They seem to narrate a story about two princely figures (Pandawa brothers?) who oppose each other. One of them is depicted in several settings such as a rural and meditative setting. In several scenes he is confronted with a god and with kings. One of these kings is dying or is dead. A simply dressed man travels with his attendant through rural environments. Furthermore the performance of yoga and the elixir of life are also depicted. One of the bas-relief depicts an ascetic hanging upside down at one side of a tree while Vishnu with his discus stands at the other side.

Panataran Java Stock pictures

Panataran


Small thatched pavilions on the uppermost terraces house additional sculptures. Some are figural with their hands in the same position of the statue of the guardian of the sixth terrace. Another sculpture is a linga with two balls and an anatomically correct rendering of the upper portion of a penis.
On the top terrace there is a stone building in the form of a truncated pyramid. From this terrace the whole temple compound can be seen clearly.

Panataran

Panataran Java stock photographs




  Related Pages
- Tana Toraja traditions
- Balinese traditional landscape
- Religion in Bali
- Balinese Dance
- Balinese Temples


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