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Borobudur
Entering the Dharmadhatu, the Realm of Ultimate Reality.
Sometime in the eighth century A.D., the world’s largest Buddhist shrine of Borobudur began to rise in central Java. This extravagant and immense tiered 'mountain', embellished with miles of intricate bas-reliefs of Buddhist scenes, countless carved panels with depictions of everyday life, still stands intact and visible across the plains for miles. The hundreds of engraved stone panels of Borobudur shows in detail how Javanese people looked like and lived in ancient times.
Borobudur is a Mahayana Buddhist stupa, one of the most impressive religious edifices in the world. Built of andesite volcanic rock above an artificial tumulus, the monument consists of six concentric terraces of decreasing size rising to the upper terrace surmounted by a large stupa. Viewed from afar, the whole appearance of the structure is a simple hemispherical skyline.

Borobudur

Borobudur stock photographs


The base of the monument is formed by two large terraces that cover the bottommost level called the 'hidden foot' not visible from the outside. This hidden level is decorated by panels illustrating the most profane views of life (Mahakarmavibhangga). The panels of the SW corner have been uncovered by Japanese archaeologists and today are the only one visible.
Walking all the way around the base you can see the reliefs of celestial beings and guardian demons that decorate the base of the monument. On each side, a stairway with makara balustrades climbs the first two steps of the large base. In correspondence four stairways, one for each side, climb the first group of four terraces that circumvent the entire structure.

Borobudur Stock pictures

Borobudur


The pilgrims of Borobudur should start the visit from the eastern entrance and walk each gallery clockwise. From one gallery to the upper one, the pilgrim passes through a gateway topped by an arch with a kala figure. About a total of 2750 meticulously chiselled panels at the walls of this route narrate various Buddhist scriptures.
The reliefs of the first gallery are the most beautiful, they are laid down in two levels both on the balustrade and on the main wall. The reliefs of the balustrade, both upper and lower series, narrate Jataka stories that tell about the previous lives of the Buddha, in both human and animal form.

Borobudur

Borobudur reliefs stock photographs


The panels of the top level of the main wall narrate the Lalitavistara, stories of Gautama Buddha's life from his descent from the Tushita, the heaven of contentment, in the form of a white elephant into his mother's womb up to his attainment of knowledge and preaching of the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. The panels on the lower level narrate Avadana stories that tell about the previous lives of Buddha, before he was born as Prince Siddharta.
The reliefs panels of the upper galleries are not all identified, the panels of the main wall of the Second and Third gallery narrate the Gandawyuha with stories of Bodhisattva Sudhana in search of the perfect knowledge.
On top of the balustrades of the various galleries there are a series of niches with statues of Dhyani Buddhas, all the statues of each side are in the same mudra.

Borobudur Stock pictures

Borobudur


The progression of stories ends at the upper section of Borobudur composed by three circular terraces with various stupas.
Here all imagery subsides except for 72 stupas in open lattice work, each containing a life-size seated Buddha that can be glimpsed through the latticework. This is the stage for meditation, no reliefs nor ornament, a skilfully expression in architectural form of the transition from the 'realm of form' to the 'realm of non-form'. At the highest central terrace stands the bell-shaped central stupa.
One last comment it is worth mentioning: it is generally accepted that the pose assumed by the nude woman depicted in the Gauguin painting 'Tahitian Eve' was taken from the posture of the Buddha depicted in the lower section of the panel 110 of the first gallery.




  Related Pages
- Tana Toraja traditions
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- Religion in Bali
- Balinese Dance
- Balinese Temples


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